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banking terms

By Victor S. Fischer
  ✍️ CRR Cash Reserve Ratio is the minimum fraction of total deposits of a bank’s customers that banks have to hold as reserves with the central bank. ✍️ SLR Statutory Liquidity Ratio is the ratio of liquid assets to the net demand and time liabilities. ✍️ LAF Liquid Adjustment Facility is a tool to allow banks to borrow money through repurchase agreements. It consists of repo and reverse repo operations. ✍️ MSF Marginal Standing Facility allows scheduled banks to borrow funds overnight from RBI against approved government securities. ✍️ MSS Market Stabilization Scheme is a monetary policy intervention by RBI to withdraw excess liquidity by selling government securities in the economy. ✍️ OMO Open Market Operations refers to the buying and selling of government securities in the open market so as to expand or contract the amount of money in the banking system. ✍️ REPO Repo...
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List of all Important Awards and their Fields

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1. Nobel Prize

Most coveted international award of the world.

Instituted by Alfred Bernard Nobel (inventor of dynamite).

The award is given on December 10 (death anniversary of Alfred Bernard Nobel).

Nobel Prize is given every year to those eminent persons who have made pioneering achievements in the following fields:

*Physics

*Chemistry

*Medicine

*Peace

*Literature

*Economics

Apart from Economics, all other categories have been given since 1901. Economics Nobel Prize was instituted in 1967 and was first given in 1969.

Nobel Laureates of IndiaFieldYearRabindranath TagoreLiterature 1913C.V. RamanPhysics 1930Mother TeresaPeace 1979Amartya SenEconomic Studies1998Kailash SatyarthiPeace2014

2. Magsaysay Awards

Instituted in 1957 and named after Ramon Magsaysay, the former President of Philippines.

This award is given annually on August 31

Award is given for outstanding contributions to public service, community leadership, journalism, literature and creative arts and international understanding.

Regarded as the Nobel Prize of Asia.

3. Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding

Instituted in 1965 by the Government of India.

Given annually to persons for outstanding contributions to international understanding and goodwill among the people of the world.

4. Oscar Awards

Instituted in 1929

Conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures in USA.

The first Indian to get an Oscar was Bhanu Athaiya for the movie 'Gandhi'.

Satyajit Ray was the first Indian awarded Oscar for lifetime achievements in cinema in 1992.

5. UNESCO Peace Prize

Presented by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

For extraordinary contributions for international peace.

6. Pulitzer Prize

Instituted in 1917 and named after the US Publisher Joseph Pulitzer.

Conferred annually in the USA

For accomplishments in journalism, literature and music.

7. Right Livelihood Award

Instituted in 1980 by the Right Livelihood Society, London.

Known as alternate Nobel Award

To promote and contribute in the fields of environment and social justice.

8. Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize

Instituted in 1995 by Government of India.

It is presented for international peace on the lines of Nobel Prize.

9. UNESCO Human Rights Award

Presented by UNESCO

For contributions in the field of Human Rights Awareness.

Given every alternate year.

10. Man Booker Prize

Highest literary award to authors of British, Irish and Commonwealth countries

Established in 1969.

Renamed as Man Booker Prize, as the sponsorship has been taken over by the Man Group, an international stockbroker.

11. UN Human Rights Award

Presented by UN for personal contribution for the cause of human rights.

It is presented every sixth year.

12. World Food Prize

Presented by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

For the cause of agriculture and food development.

13. Indira Gandhi Award For International Peace, Disarmament and Development

Presented by Indira Gandhi Memorial Fund in India

For specialized contribution in the field of international disarmament and development.

14. Bharat Ratna

Highest civilian award of India

Presented by the Government of India.

Presented for exceptional public service and rarest achievements in the field of art, literature and science.

Instituted in 1954

First recipient was C. Rajagopalchari

15. Padma Vibhushan

Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award

For distinguished services in any field including Government service.

Padma Bhushan and Padma Shree are the other important civilian awards.

16. Bhartiya Jnanpith Awards

Instituted in 1965

Given for distinguished works in any recognized language by a scholar.

17. Sahitya Akademy Awards

Instituted in 1955

Given for any exclusive writing in any of the 22 languages including English literature.

18. Saraswati Samman

Instituted in 1991 by the K.K. Birla Foundation

Given for any distinguished literary work made during last 10 years in any of the Indian language.

19. Vyas Samman

Instituted in 1992 by the K.K. Birla Foundation

For outstanding contribution to Hindi literature.

20.  Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Awards

Given to the Indian scientists for their exceptional performance.

21. R.D. Birla Award

Given in the field of medical sciences.

22. Dhanvantri Award

These awards are given for the extraordinaryperformance in medical sciences.

23. Arjuna Awards

Instituted in 1961

Given by Sports Ministry, Government of India.

These are given for the special achievements in different types of sports.

24. Dronacharya Awards

Instituted in 1985

Given by Sports Ministry, Government of India.

These are given to sports coaches.

25. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna

It was instituted in 1992

Presented for commendable display by the players.

26. Gallantry Awards

Param Vir Chakra: It is India's highest award for bravery.

Mahavir Chakra: It is the second highest gallantry award.

Vir Chakra: It is the third highest gallantry award.

Ashok Chakra: It is the highest peace-time gallantry award


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