knockingpoint

Rocks: The solid part of the  earth crust  is called rocks. Rocks may not always necessarily be hard. Minerals are obtained from rocks. Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks: Igneous rocks are  crystalline  solids which form directly from the cooling of magma. This is an  exothermic  process (it loses heat) and involves a phase change from the liquid(magma) to the solid state. The earth is made of igneous rock - at least at the surface where our planet is exposed to the coldness of space. Igneous rocks are given names based upon two things: composition (what they are made of) and texture (how big the crystals are). These rocks are  harder and granular . There is no layer in igneous rocks and fossils are not found in igneous rocks. Rocks formed by the cooling of the molten matter beneath the earth surface are called  intrusive igneous rocks and are crystalline rocks. ...

River River is the biggest source of water. Rivers provide us water to drink, irrigation, electricity, cook, clean things and easy & cheap transportation.  It is also a source of fresh water that flowing naturally towards an ocean, lake, sea or another river. Rivers flow in channels. The bottom of channel is called the bed and sides of the channel are called the banks. Sometimes a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Rivers begin at their source in higher ground such as mountains or hills, where rain water or melting snow collects and forms tiny streams. When one stream meets another and they merge together, the smaller steam is known as a tributary. It takes many tributary streams to form a river. As a river flows, it carries along material or debris, called its load. A river’s load includes rocks, stones and other large particles, which are washed along the river bed....

India has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. The waterways of the country have been divided into internal waterways and oceanic waterways. The following waterways have been declared as National Waterways: NW1 -  Allahabad to Haldia -  1620 Km NW2 -  Sadia to Dhubri on Brahmaputra River -  891 Km NW3 -  Kollam to Kottapuram  - 168 km NW4-   Kakinada to Marakkannam along Godavari and Krishna river -  1095 km NW5-   Mangalgarhi to Paradeep and Talcher to Dhamara along Mahanadi and Brahmini -  623 Km 12 - Major Ports in India Western Coast Tidal Port  – (Child of Partition) –  Gujarat Mumbai  – (Busiest and biggest) -  Maharashtra JL Nehru-  (Fastest growing) -  Maharashtra Marmugao  – (Naval base also) –  Goa Mangalore  – (Exports Kudremukh iron–ore) ...

Types of Soil India is an Agrarian country & Soil is its prime resource. It plays a vital role in the economy of India as our industries are mainly  Agro-based . About  65 to 70%  of the total population of the country is depended on agriculture. Generally, there are six types of soil found in India Alluvial Soil Regur or Black Soil Red Soil Laterite Soil Desert Soil Mountain Soil 1. Alluvial Soil Deposition of materials by sea and river is called alluvium  and the soil formed due to deposition of alluvium is called as alluvial soil. This type of soil mainly found in the  Indo-Ganga and Brahmaputra plain  i.e. the whole northern plain and in some parts of the river basin in the south and some plateau region. This soil is also found in the deltas of the Mahanadi, Godavari, Cauvery and Krishna. Alluvial so...

Desert:  A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life in desert their is less precipitation 1 . Continent:  Antarctica Desert Name:  Antartic 2. Continent:  Asia, Europe, North America Desert Name:  Arctic desert 3. Continent:  Asia Desert Name:  Karakum, Thar desert, Kyzylkum, Taklamakan, Arabian, Dasht-e Kavir, Dasht-e Lut, Gobi Desert 4.   Continent:  Africa Desert Name:  Kalahari, Namib, Sahara, 5.   Continent:  Australia Desert Name:  Gibson, Great Sandy, Great Victoria, Simpson, Tanami 6.  Continent:  Europe Desert Name:  Tabernas Desert 7.  Continent:  North America Desert Name:  Great Basin, Mojave, Sonoran 8.  Continent:  South America Desert ...

Winds: The Wind is the movement of air caused by the uneven heating of the Earth by the Sun. Sometimes the wind blows gently, refreshing us. At other times, it blows strongly creating storms that cause widespread damages. We need measurements of two quantities: direction and speed, to give a description of the wind. Types of Winds: Trade Winds: A wind blowing steadily towards the  equator  from the north-east in the  northern hemisphere  or the southeast in the  southern hemisphere,  especially at sea. They blow from the  Subtropical High-Pressure Belt to the Equatorial Low-Pressure Belt  in the tropics between 30°. North and 30° South latitudes. They blow as the  N.E. Trades  in the Northern Hemisphere and as the  S.E. Trades  in the Southern Hemisphere. The name "Trade" is derived from a nautical expression "to blow tread" meaning to blow along a regul...

We live on the planet named ‘Earth’. Likewise, Earth also exists in its home with other 7 planets, only star ‘Sun’ and many other small objects called asteroids, comets, dwarf planets, meteors etc. So basically the Solar system is a system of Sun, 8 planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, meteors and comets under the gravitational influence of the Sun. Origin There are 3 to 4 major theories of the evolution of the universe and ultimately of the solar system. The prominent theory among all of these is  Big Bang theory . According to this theory proposed  by Georges Lemaitre , the universe is evolved from a small singularity and then expands over the next 13.8 billion years and still expanding. It led to the formation of many billions of galaxies, solar systems, stars etc. Our solar system lies in a spiral-shaped galaxy called  ‘Milky Way’ . The nearest galaxy to us is  ‘Andromeda’ . Generally, there is a Black hole at the centre o...

An  atmosphere  is a layer of gases surrounding a planet or other material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. A tmosphere The envelope of air that completely surrounds the earth is known as atmosphere. The atmosphere extends to about 1000 km from the surface of the earth. But 99% of the total mass of the atmosphere is found within 32 km. This is because the atmosphere is held by the  gravitational pull of the earth . Composition of the Atmosphere (i)  Nitrogen - 78% (ii)  Oxygen - 21% (iii)  Argon -0.93% (iv)  Carbondioxide - 0.03% (v) Neon - 0.0018% (vi)  Helium - 0.0005% (vii)  Ozone - 0.0006% (viii)  Hydrogen - 0.00005% Carbon dioxide is present in small quantity in the atmosphere It is an important constituent of air because it has the ability to absorb heat and thus keep the atmosphere war...

Save Earth We live on planet earth. We get everything for our life from mother earth. We should save our planet earth to ensure that our future generations get a safe environment. How to save the earth? We can save our planet earth by saving our trees, natural vegetation, natural resources, water, electricity. We can take measures for controlling environmental pollution and global warming. Save trees. We should plant new trees plant trees. The schemes afforestation and reforestation should be wholeheartedly supported. Save natural vegetation. We should use less paper. We can make arrangement for recycling of used paper and other natural products. Plants and trees covers and holds the surface of the earth. Save natural resources. We all know that the supply of natural resources such as minerals, stones, coal, oil, etc. are limited. We can save electricity by putting off the lights when not in use. Or we can switch to fans instead of air conditioners during nights. Save water...

What are greenhouse gases?  A greenhouse gas is a gaseous compound present in the atmosphere that is able to trap heat. Greenhouse gases are gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. This is the name for the warming of the earth when certain gases trap the sun’s rays in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide, water-vapor, ozone, nitrous oxide, and sulfides, sulfurous compounds, CFC (chlorofluorocarbons), methane and some some substances found in aerosols. Why are they called greenhouse gases? These are called greenhouse gases because they trap heat within the earth’s atmosphere and cause the greenhouse effect. Such gases absorb infrared radiation resulting in a surge in earth’s temperature. The greenhouse effect is the name for the warming up of the earth due to changes in its atmosphere. Are greenhouse gases harmful? Greenhouse gases lead to environmental pollution and global warming. This is all part of the wide phenome...

Global warming is the name for the process by which the earth is warming up due to the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The earth’s atmosphere as a whole is getting warmer. In addition, the temperature of the seas are getting warmer. And, the hottest parts of the earth are getting even hotter. So, in sum, global warming is the warming of the earth surface including seas, land, etc. The greenhouse gases absorbs infrared radiation to cause an increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere and the environment. How to stop global warming? Read below the various ways to control and stop global warming. Reduce CO” emissions: CO2 is a major cause of global warming. Burn fewer fossil fuels: coal, oil and so on. Burning of fossil fuels cause the greenhouse effect. Fly less often: to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. Recycle: as often as possible. Reuse items: instead of buying new things all the time. Reduce aerosol use: to preserve the ozone. Educate others about...

The harmful impact and effect of Acid Rain have been briefly discussed below: Effects on human health: Humans are vulnerable to acid rain. Thousands of premature deaths are caused by sulfate laden air due to acid rain annually. Millions of people are drinking water with high lead levels. Lead (Pb) is one of the factors responsible for high blood-pressure and heart attacks in adults and brain damage in children. Harmful effects of acid rain on human are Chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, (related to lungs) cancer. Damages soil: Acid rain leach out soil nutrients, adversely affects the properties of soil, causes damage to soil fertility, damages vegetation including cropland and forests, makes the leaves of plants yellow and brown. This is how acid rain impacts the productivity of forests, grasslands and crops. Damage to aquatic ecosystems: Acid infection can be natural as well as anthropogenic. It kills plankton, fish and adversely affects productivity of aquatic ecosystems. Aci...