knockingpoint

Indo Greeks First to invade India  were the Greeks who were called  Indo-Greeks. The most famous Indo- Greek ruler was Menander with his  Capital at Sakala  in Punjab (Modern Sialkot) The Indo-Greeks were the  first to issue gold coins  in India. Menander was converted into a Buddhist by Buddhist monk Nagasena (Nagarjuna) Demitrius, the king of Bacteria  invaded  India about 190BC.  He is considered as  Second Alexander  (But the Indian ruler who accepted the name second Alexander  (Sikandar-i-sani)  was Alauddin Khilji) Indo-Greeks were the first to introduce military governorship in India. Kushan Empire Kujula Kadphises  is considered to be the  founder of Kushan Empire.  He established the kingdom by unifying the disparate  Yuezhi tribes  of ancient Bactria in the early 1st century AD and expanded its territory of present day Afg...

Two major dynasties of India, the Maurya Empire (321 BC- 185 BC) and Gupta Empire (240 BC-550 AD), were originated from Magadha. Apart from Maurya and Gupta dynasties, there were other dynasties which were started from Magadha, Haryanka dynasty (544-413 BC) Shishunaga dynasty (413-345 BC) Nanda dynasty (424-321 BC) Haryanka dynasty:- Haryanka is  the name of a new dynasty  founded in Magadha by Bimbisara . Bimbisara  founded the dynasty by  defeating  the   Brihadrathas . Bimbisara  was a contemporary of  Buddha . Pataliputra and Rajagriha were the capitals of Magadhan kingdom. Magadha falls in the Patna region of Bihar. Shishunaga Dynasty:- Haryankas were overthrown by  Sisunaga  and he  founded  the Sisunaga dynasty there. Kalasoka  the son and successor of Sisunaga was succeeded by  Mahapadma Nanda  and he foun...

Lord Canning (AD 1856-62) : The last Governor General  and the  first Viceroy . Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse. Revolt of 1857, Mutiny took place. Indian Penal Code 1860 was passed. Passed the Act, 1858 , which ended the rule of the East India Company. The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in 1857. Lord Elgin (AD 1862) : Wahabi Movement Lord John Lawrence (AD 1864-69) : Established the  High Courts  at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865. Telegraphic communication was opened with Europe. Created the Indian Forest Department. Lord Mayo (AD 1869-72) : Organised the Statistical Survey of India and for the  first time  in Indian history, a  census  was held in 1871. Started the process of financial decentralisation in India. Established the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. Established the Rajkot College at Kathiawar and Mayo ...

Jahangir (1605 - 1627) Jahangir came to the throne in 1605. He issued 12 ordinances. He established  Zanjir-il-Adal  – Chain of Justice in Agra Fort and was known for his strict administration of Justice. He married Mehrunnisa, an Afghan widow in 1611 and Later he gave her the titles Noor Mahal (light of the palace), Noor Jahan (light of the world) and Padshah Begum. In 1606 Jahangir executed fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjun Dev, because he helped Jahangir’s son Prince Khusru to rebel against him. In 1609, Jahangir received  William Hawkins , an envoy of King James I of England, who reached India to obtain trade concession. In 1615,  Sir Thomas Roe  reached the court of Jahangir as the first ambassador of James I of England in the court of Jahangir. As a result of his efforts, first English factory was established at Surat in Gujarat. Period of Jahangir is considered as the  Golden Age of Mughal Painting . Jahan...

Maratha Families        Location Peshwa                          Pune Gaekwad                       Baroda Bhonsle                         Nagpur Holkar                           Indore Scindia                          Gwalior The first great leader of the Marathas was Chhatrapati Shivaji. The Marathas became prominent in the later half of the 17th century. Shivaji belonged to the Bhonsle clan of the Marathas. Shahaji Bhonsle and Jija Bai were the Parents of Shivaji. He was born in 1627 February 19 at the fort of Shivner near Junnar. His father was a military commande...

Murshid Kuli Khan: Murshid Quli Khan was appointed as Bengal’s diwan by Aurangzeb as naib subedar and later as the subedar in 1717 by Farukh Siyar. He gradually assumed autonomy though he continued to pay tribute to Mughal Emp He carried out the reorganization of the finances through the transfer of large parts of jagir lands into khalisa lands. He introduced the system of revenue farming. He granted Takkavi loans to peasants for personal use, improved agriculture and for paying land revenues in times of famines. He reorganized administration giving equal opportunities of employment to Muslims and Hindus. His policy of appointing local Hindu zamindars and moneylenders as revenue farmers led to the rise and growth of a new landed aristocracy in Bengal. He maintained strict control over the activities of foreign trading companies; preventing the servants of East India Company from abusing the privileges granted to the company by t...

Hyder Ali The state of Mysore rose to prominence in the politics of South India under the leadership of Hyder Ali. In 1761 he became the de facto ruler of Mysore. The war of successions in Karnataka and Haiderabad, the conflict of the English and the French in the South and the defeat of the Marathas in the Third battle of Panipat (1761) helped him in attending and consolidating the territory of Mysore. Hyder Ali was defeated by Maratha Peshwa Madhav Rao in 1764 and forced to sign a treaty in 1765. He surrendered him a part of his territory and also agreed to pay rupees twenty-eight lakhs per annum. The Nizam of Haiderabad did not act alone but preferred to act in league with the English which resulted in the first Anglo-Mysore War. Tipu Sultan Tipu Sultan succeeded Hyder Ali in 1785 and fought against British in III and IV Mysore wars. He brought great changes in the administrative system. He introduced modern i...